-
1 chronic
['kronik]((especially of a disease) lasting a long time: a chronic illness.) chronique -
2 chronic
-
3 chronic
chronic ['krɒnɪk](a) (long-lasting → illness, unemployment) chronique;∎ chronic invalid invalide mf chronique;∎ to suffer from chronic ill health être de santé fragile(b) (habitual → smoker, gambler) invétéré(c) (serious → problem, situation) difficile, grave∎ my back's hurting something chronic mon dos me fait un mal de chien►► Medicine chronic fatigue syndrome encéphalomyélite f myalgique, syndrome m de fatigue chronique -
4 chronic
-
5 disable
A vtr1 Med [accident, sudden illness] rendre [qn] infirme ; [chronic illness, permanent handicap] handicaper ; to be disabled by arthritis être handicapé par l'arthrite ;3 Mil mettre [qch] hors d'action [weapon, ship, vehicle] ;4 Comput désactiver ; -
6 attack
attack [əˈtæk]1. noun• to leave o.s. open to attack ( = criticism) prêter le flanc à la critiqueb. ( = illness) crise f* * *[ə'tæk] 1.1) gen, Military, Sport attaque f (on contre); ( criminal) agression f (against, on contre); ( terrorist) attentat mto come under attack — Military être attaqué ( from par); fig être l'objet de critiques virulentes ( from de la part de)
to leave oneself open to attack — fig s'exposer à la critique
to mount ou launch an attack on something — lit attaquer quelque chose; fig s'attaquer à quelque chose
2) Medicine ( of chronic illness) crise f (of de)2.transitive verb1) gen, Medicine, Military, Sport attaquer; ( criminally) agresser [victim]; fig attaquer [book, idea]2) ( tackle) s'attaquer à [task, problem] -
7 stricken
stricken [ˈstrɪkən]a. [area, city, economy] sinistré• to be stricken by famine/drought être frappé par la famine/la sécheresseb. ( = wounded) gravement blessé* * *['strɪkən]1) [face, look, voice] affligé; [area] sinistréstricken with —
stricken by — frappé de [illness]; pris de [fear, guilt]; atteint de [chronic illness]
2) [plane, ship] en détresse -
8 stricken
1 ( afflicted) [face, look, voice] affligé ;2 ( affected) [area] sinistré ; stricken with, stricken by frappé par [fear, illness, poverty] ; accablé par [doubt, guilt] ; atteint de [chronic illness] ; guilt-stricken accablé par la culpabilité ; drought-/famine-stricken frappé par la sécheresse/la famine ;3 ( incapacitated) [plane, ship] en détresse. -
9 attack
A n1 gen, Mil, Sport attaque f (on contre) ; (unprovoked, criminal) agression f (against, on contre) ; ( terrorist) attentat m ; on the attack à l'attaque ; to come under attack Mil être attaqué (from par) ; fig être l'objet de critiques virulentes (from de la part de) ; to leave oneself open to attack fig s'exposer à la critique ; to feel under attack se sentir agressé ; to mount ou launch an attack on sth lit attaquer ; fig s'attaquer à qch ;2 Med ( of chronic illness) crise f (of de) ; to have an attack of flu attraper la grippe ; to have an attack of hiccups avoir le hoquet ; to have an attack of giggles être pris d'un fou rire.B vtr1 gen, Med, Mil, Sport attaquer [person, enemy, position] ; ( criminally) agresser [victim] ; fig attaquer [book, idea, policy] ;2 ( tackle) s'attaquer à [task, problem].attack is the best form of defence l'attaque est la meilleure défense. -
10 Illnesses, aches and pains
Where does it hurt?where does it hurt?= où est-ce que ça vous fait mal? or (more formally) où avez-vous mal?his leg hurts= sa jambe lui fait malhe has a pain in his leg= il a mal à la jambeNote that with avoir mal à French uses the definite article (la) with the part of the body, where English has a possessive (his), hence:his head was aching= il avait mal à la têteEnglish has other ways of expressing this idea, but avoir mal à fits them too:he had toothache= il avait mal aux dentshis ears hurt= il avait mal aux oreillesAccidentsshe broke her leg= elle s’est cassé la jambeElle s’est cassé la jambe means literally she broke to herself the leg ; because the se is an indirect object, the past participle cassé does not agree. This is true of all such constructions:she sprained her ankle= elle s’est foulé la chevillethey burned their hands= ils se sont brûlé les mainsChronic conditionsNote that the French often use fragile (weak) to express a chronic condition:he has a weak heart= il a le cœur fragilehe has kidney trouble= il a les reins fragileshe has a bad back= il a le dos fragileBeing illMostly French uses the definite article with the name of an illness:to have flu= avoir la grippeto have measles= avoir la rougeoleto have malaria= avoir la malariaThis applies to most infectious diseases, including childhood illnesses. However, note the exceptions ending in -ite (e.g. une hépatite, une méningite) below.When the illness affects a specific part of the body, French uses the indefinite article:to have cancer= avoir un cancerto have cancer of the liver= avoir un cancer du foieto have pneumonia= avoir une pneumonieto have cirrhosis= avoir une cirrhoseto have a stomach ulcer= avoir un ulcère à l’estomacMost words in -ite ( English -itis) work like this:to have bronchitis= avoir une bronchiteto have hepatitis= avoir une hépatiteWhen the illness is a generalized condition, French tends to use du, de l’, de la or des:to have rheumatism= avoir des rhumatismesto have emphysema= avoir de l’emphysèmeto have asthma= avoir de l’asthmeto have arthritis= avoir de l’arthriteOne exception here is:to have hay fever= avoir le rhume des foinsWhen there is an adjective for such conditions, this is often preferred in French:to have asthma= être asthmatiqueto have epilepsy= être épileptiqueSuch adjectives can be used as nouns to denote the person with the illness, e.g. un/une asthmatique and un/une épileptique etc.French has other specific words for people with certain illnesses:someone with cancer= un cancéreux/une cancéreuseIf in doubt check in the dictionary.English with is translated by qui a or qui ont, and this is always safe:someone with malaria= quelqu’un qui a la malariapeople with Aids= les gens qui ont le SidaFalling illThe above guidelines about the use of the definite and indefinite articles in French hold good for talking about the onset of illnesses.French has no general equivalent of to get. However, where English can use catch, French can use attraper:to catch mumps= attraper les oreillonsto catch malaria= attraper la malariato catch bronchitis= attraper une bronchiteto catch a cold= attraper un rhumeSimilarly where English uses contract, French uses contracter:to contract Aids= contracter le Sidato contract pneumonia= contracter une pneumonieto contract hepatitis= contracter une hépatiteFor attacks of chronic illnesses, French uses faire une crise de:to have a bout of malaria= faire une crise de malariato have an asthma attack= faire une crise d’asthmeto have an epileptic fit= faire une crise d’épilepsieTreatmentto be treated for polio= se faire soigner contre la polioto take something for hay fever= prendre quelque chose contre le rhume des foinshe’s taking something for his cough= il prend quelque chose contre la touxto prescribe something for a cough= prescrire un médicament contre la touxmalaria tablets= des cachets contre la malariato have a cholera vaccination= se faire vacciner contre le cholérato be vaccinated against smallpox= se faire vacciner contre la varioleto be immunized against smallpox= se faire immuniser contre la varioleto have a tetanus injection= se faire vacciner contre le tétanosto give sb a tetanus injection= vacciner qn contre le tétanosto be operated on for cancer= être opéré d’un cancerto operate on sb for appendicitis= opérer qn de l’appendicite -
11 acute
[ə'kju:t]1) ((of a disease etc) severe but not lasting very long: They think his illness is acute rather than chronic.) aigu2) (very great: There is an acute shortage of teachers.) critique3) (quick-witted: As a businessman, he's very acute.) avisé4) ((of the senses) keen: acute hearing.) fin5) (high, shrill s high sound.)•- acutely - acuteness
См. также в других словарях:
Chronic illness — An illness that persists for a long period of time. The term chronic comes from the Greek chronos, time and means lasting a long time. A chronic illness is one lasting 3 months or more, by the definition of the U.S. National Center for Health… … Medical dictionary
chronic illness — recurring disease, disease which returns frequently or constantly exists … English contemporary dictionary
Chronic care management — encompasses the oversight and education activities conducted by health care professionals to help patients with chronic diseases and health conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure, lupus, multiple sclerosis and sleep apnea learn to… … Wikipedia
Illness — (sometimes referred to as ill health or ail) can be defined as a state of poor health. It is sometimes considered a synonym for disease. [DorlandsDict|four/000052397|illness] Others maintain that fine distinctions exist.cite journal |author=Emson … Wikipedia
Chronic fatigue syndrome — This article is about the medical condition Chronic fatigue syndrome. For the symptom chronic fatigue, see Fatigue (medical). Chronic fatigue syndrome Classification and external resources ICD 10 G93.3 ICD 9 … Wikipedia
illness — ill|ness W3S2 [ˈılnıs] n [U and C] a disease of the body or mind, or the condition of being ill ▪ She had all the normal childhood illnesses . ▪ I d been told I d been suffering from various illnesses . ▪ Her mother was just recovering from an… … Dictionary of contemporary English
chronic */ — UK [ˈkrɒnɪk] / US [ˈkrɑnɪk] adjective 1) medical a chronic illness or chronic pain is serious and lasts for a long time. A serious illness or pain that lasts only for a short time is described as acute chronic back pain 2) a chronic problem is… … English dictionary
chronic — chron|ic [ kranık ] adjective * 1. ) a chronic illness or pain is serious and lasts for a long time. A serious illness or pain that lasts only for a short time is described as acute: chronic back pain 2. ) a chronic problem is always happening or … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
chronic — [[t]krɒ̱nɪk[/t]] 1) ADJ: usu ADJ n A chronic illness or disability lasts for a very long time. Compare acute. ...chronic back pain. Syn: persistent Derived words: chronically [[t]krɒ̱nɪkli[/t]] ADV ADV adj/ ed Most of them were chronically ill … English dictionary
chronic — adjective 1) a chronic illness Syn: persistent, long standing, long term; incurable; Medicine immedicable Ant: acute 2) chronic economic problems Syn: constant, continuing, ceaseless … Thesaurus of popular words
chronic — [ˈkrɒnɪk] adj 1) a chronic illness or pain is serious and lasts for a long time 2) a chronic problem is always happening and is very difficult to solve chronic energy shortages[/ex] … Dictionary for writing and speaking English